Manual SiklOps

Panduan lengkap · DES operasi konstruksi · sederhana → kompleks

Simulasi

Daftar isi

  1. Apa itu SiklOps?
  2. Jalur pembelajaran
  3. Alur kerja
  4. Parameter umum
  5. Cara membaca hasil
  6. Rumus singkat
  7. Earthmoving
  8. Bricklaying
  9. Concreting
  10. Tower Crane
  11. Asphalt paving
  12. Precast plant
  13. Tips & FAQ

1. Apa itu SiklOps?

SiklOps (Siklus Operasi) adalah aplikasi pembelajaran Discrete Event Simulation (DES) untuk operasi konstruksi yang berulang.

Fokus: throughput, utilisasi resource, antrian, prioritas, buffer, biaya, emisi— bukan penjadwalan proyek (WBS / CPM / Gantt).

Empat operasi diurutkan dari sederhana → kompleks agar konsep DES diperkenalkan bertahap.

2. Jalur pembelajaran

#OperasiModelKonsep utama
1Earthmoving1 siklus · multi-serverLoad–Haul–Dump–Return, match factor, fleet
2Bricklaying3 siklus · buffer batchHelper multi-tugas, slot scaffold, mortar
3Concreting2 siklus berinteraksiRMC ↔ placing, site buffer, 3 metode
4Tower CraneBanyak request · 1 serverPoisson, prioritas, starvation, waste crew
5Asphalt pavingPaving train linearPlant–truck–paver–roller, hopper
6Precast plantForm + cure slotsCrew, crane, buffer curing

Sama seperti urutan di sidebar: mulailah dari atas jika baru mengenal DES.

3. Alur kerja

  1. Pilih operasi di sidebar (Earthmoving → Bricklaying → Concreting → Tower Crane).
  2. Baca deskripsi, ilustrasi, resource, dan parameter di halaman utama.
  3. Atur parameter (resource, mean + distribusi, biaya, target / waktu operasi).
  4. Tekan Jalankan simulasi.
  5. Baca tab hasil (Ringkasan, Perbandingan, Antrian / Teori — tergantung operasi).
  6. Opsional: multi-seed, simpan skenario, export CSV (jika tersedia di operasi itu).

4. Parameter umum

Distribusi durasi

Hampir semua tugas punya mean (menit) + distribusi:

  • Konstan — tidak acak
  • Normal / Log-normal / Gamma / Beta — + CV (std/mean)
  • Eksponensial (Poisson) — inter-arrival request (Tower Crane); CV tetap 1

Biaya & emisi

  • Input sewa sering dalam ribuan Rp/jam (×1000). Contoh: 160 = Rp 160.000/jam.
  • All-in = sewa + operator (jika diaktifkan).
  • Emisi diesel ≈ L/jam × 2.68 kg CO₂/L (kerja & idle terpisah).
  • Bricklaying default: upah tukang & helper (bukan mesin berat).
  • Tower Crane: sewa crane + waste crew per front (tarif crew × jam tunggu).

Kapan simulasi berhenti?

  • Earthmoving / Bricklaying / Concreting— target siklus dan/atau target volume (yang lebih dulu), plus batas waktu pengaman.
  • Tower Crane — waktu operasi maksimum (default 8 jam). Tidak memakai target volume.
  • Seed — bilangan acak tetap (default 12345) agar hasil reproducible.

5. Cara membaca hasil

Earthmoving · Bricklaying · Concreting

Tab standar: Ringkasan · Perbandingan · Teori antrian

  • Ringkasan — KPI (trip, volume, thr, util), bottleneck, biaya, emisi, learning curve, util per siklus, antrian, multi-seed, saran desain.
  • Perbandingan — grid jumlah resource (what-if fleet): thr sim vs teori, util, biaya satuan, emisi satuan, sweet spot.
  • Teori antrian — Little & Kingman vs DES (modul lanjutan).

Tower Crane (panel khusus)

Bukan metafor excavator/hauler — hasil disesuaikan multi-front.

  • Ringkasan — lift, thr, util crane, wait antrian, starvation, wait vs prio-1, biaya crane + waste crew, emisi.
  • Per front — requests vs lifts, wait avg/p50/p90/max, waste per front.
  • Antrian — panjang antrian request di crane vs waktu + hist wait.
  • Multi-seed — sebaran thr / util.

6. Rumus singkat

MetrikRumus / arti
ThroughputVolume selesai ÷ jam simulasi
UtilisasiBusy ÷ (n unit × durasi)
Match factorKap. hauling / kap. loading (≈1 seimbang)
Wait (request→service)Waktu dari minta lift sampai crane mulai melayani
Starvation %Request belum dilayani di akhir shift ÷ total request
Wait vs prio-1Wait avg front ÷ wait avg front prioritas terbaik
Waste crew(Σ wait menit / 60) × tarif crew front (Rp/jam)
Biaya satuanBiaya total ÷ volume
EmisiJam kerja × EF kerja + jam idle × EF idle; EF ≈ L/jam × 2.68
Poisson requestInter-arrival ~ Exp(mean); rate λ = 1/mean (permintaan/menit)

7. Manual per operasi

Earthmoving

Level 1 · paling sederhana

1 siklus · excavator (server load) + dump truck (cycle hauler)

Earthmoving

Siklus: Load → Haul → Dump → Return. Volume per trip = kapasitas bak truck. Produksi dihitung saat dump selesai.

Parameter kunci: n excavator, n truck, bucket m³, bak m³, mean+dist tiap fase, target siklus/volume, sewa, solar.

Yang dipelajari: match factor, bottleneck excavator vs truck, util, antrian di loading, biaya & emisi satuan, sweet spot fleet di tab Perbandingan.

  1. Jalankan default → baca util excavator & truck + bottleneck.
  2. Ubah n truck ±2 → lihat thr, wait, biaya satuan.
  3. Buka Perbandingan: cari sweet spot thr vs biaya vs emisi.
  4. Naikkan CV → antrian dan gap sim–teori biasanya naik.

Bricklaying

Level 2 · multi-siklus + buffer

3 siklus · helper (shared) + tukang + slot buffer batch

Bricklaying

Tugas (masing-masing 1 mean + dist):

  • A Fetch — helper ambil batch dari pile jauh → temp (jika temp ≤ threshold)
  • B Lift bata — temp → slot scaffold (hanya jika ada slot kosong 1 batch)
  • B′ Mortar — ember mortar ke scaffold (tim mortar always-ready di ground)
  • C Pasang — tukang; butuh bata + mortar di scaffold

Default buffer: batch 20 bata · scaffold 3 slot (max 60) · temp 10 slot (max 200) · threshold fetch 60 · 3 ember mortar (1 ember ≈ 20 bata) · 1 helper · 2 tukang.

Yang dipelajari: shared resource (helper multi-tugas), buffer terbatas, siapa menunggu siapa (tukang nunggu stock scaffold).

Concreting (RMC placing)

Level 3 · dual-cycle berinteraksi

2 siklus: truck mixer plant↔site + placing di site (lewat buffer)

Siklus A — Truck mixer: Batch (plant) → Haul → Discharge ke site buffer → Return. Shared untuk semua metode placing.

Siklus B — Placing (pilih tab):

  • Buggy — concrete buggy; jumlah buggy bisa ditambah
  • Crane bucket — 1 tower crane tetap; jumlah bucket terbatas kapasitas angkat
  • Pump — mobile pump; jumlah/kecepatan place bisa diubah

Site scenario (shared): jarak horizontal & tinggi dari titik discharge truk ke pour point — membedakan cycle time placing antar metode.

Coupling: truck antri jika buffer penuh; unit place antri jika buffer kosong. Produksi dihitung saat place selesai.

Yang dipelajari: dual-cycle, buffer sebagai coupling, perbandingan metode di skenario jarak/tinggi yang sama, biaya place vs thr.

Tower Crane (multi-front)

Level 4 · paling kompleks

Banyak request · single server · prioritas non-preemptive

Tower crane
Yard (material) terpisah → crane → Front A/B/C di bangunan

Permintaan per front: proses Poisson → inter-arrival default Eksponensial (mean menit antar minta).

Service: satu durasi full trip yard→front→return (mean + dist). Beda front = beda lokasi = beda mean.

Antrian: prioritas 1 (tinggi) → 9 (rendah), non-preemptive, lalu FIFO. Default front A/B/C = prio 1/2/3.

Stop: waktu operasi maks (default 8 jam). Tidak ada target volume.

Indikator khusus:

  • Wait request→service (avg, p50, p90, max) per front
  • Starvation % — request belum dilayani di akhir shift
  • Wait vs prio-1 — seberapa “terhukum” front prioritas rendah
  • Waste crew — jam tunggu × tarif crew front (Rp/jam, bisa diedit)
  • Util crane, antrian request, biaya crane + waste, emisi crane
  1. Jalankan 8 jam default → bandingkan wait & starvation A vs C.
  2. Tukar prioritas C=1, A=3 → lihat siapa yang “terhukum”.
  3. Perpendek service mean / naikkan inter-arrival → turunkan util.
  4. Coba 2 crane → util & wait turun; bandingkan waste crew.

Asphalt paving

Level 5 · paving train

Plant → truck → paver hopper → spread → breakdown → finish

Asphalt paving

Model (Halpin Ch.11): paving train linear. Truk hauling hot mix; paver menyebar; roller compact. Produksi m³ dihitung saat spread selesai.

  • Siklus truck: plant load → haul → dump hopper → return
  • Paver: spread 1 muatan; hopper terbatas
  • Setiap N spread → breakdown section → finish roller
  • What-if: n truck × n paver (tab Perbandingan)

Precast plant

Level 6 · form + cure buffer

Prepare → pour (crane) → cure slots → strip (crane) → clean

Precast plant

Model (Halpin Ch.13–14): form cycle di pabrik. Slot curing terbatas; crane shared pour+strip. Prioritas dispatch: strip → pour → clean → prepare.

  • Resource: form, crew, crane, cure slots
  • Produksi dihitung saat strip selesai
  • Cure default 12 jam — turunkan untuk demo kelas
  • Bottleneck tipikal: crane atau cure slots

Ringkasan katalog (otomatis dari app)

  • Earthmoving

    1 siklus · excavator + dump truck

    Level 1 — 1 siklus multi-server. Load–Haul–Dump–Return. Pelajari match factor, util, antrian loading, biaya & emisi satuan, sweet spot fleet.

    1. Atur n excavator & n dump truck + kapasitas bucket/bak.
    2. Isi mean + distribusi Load–Haul–Dump–Return (menit).
    3. Set target siklus dan/atau volume (m³); jalankan.
    4. Baca Ringkasan lalu Perbandingan (thr sim vs teori, sweet spot).

    Volume/trip = kapasitas bak. Match factor ≈ kap. hauling / kap. loading. Default sewa & solar ≈ pasar ID excavator 0,5 m³ & DT 4 m³.

  • Bricklaying

    3 siklus · helper + tukang + buffer

    Level 2 — 4 tugas (fetch, lift, mortar, pasang), masing-masing 1 mean+dist. Helper shared; buffer batch di temp & scaffold; mortar ember terbatas.

    1. Set helper, tukang, batch, slot scaffold/temp, threshold fetch, ember mortar.
    2. Atur mean+dist: A fetch · B lift · B′ mortar · C pasang.
    3. Set upah tukang/helper (ribu Rp/jam), target m² / siklus, jalankan.
    4. Lihat bottleneck: helper supply vs tukang vs scaffold stock.

    1 slot scaffold = 1 batch. Tukang butuh bata + mortar. Volume m² = bata / bricks_per_m2. Default upah mid-ID.

  • Concreting

    2 siklus berinteraksi · RMC + placing

    Level 3 — dual-cycle: A truck mixer plant↔site + B placing (buggy / crane bucket / pump) lewat site buffer. Skenario jarak & tinggi shared.

    1. Set site scenario (jarak horizontal + tinggi) dari discharge truk ke pour.
    2. Isi cycle A truck (batch/haul/discharge/return) — shared.
    3. Pilih tab metode placing; atur unit place, kapasitas/sewa; jalankan.
    4. Bandingkan thr, util, biaya satuan, emisi antar metode pada skenario sama.

    Truck antri jika buffer penuh; place antri jika buffer kosong. Produksi = place selesai. Crane: 1 TC fixed, bucket ≤ kapasitas angkat.

  • Tower Crane

    Banyak request · 1 server · prioritas

    Level 4 — banyak front minta lift (Poisson/Exp), 1 crane service (1 dist per front), prioritas non-preemptive. Stop = waktu operasi (default 8 jam).

    1. Aktifkan front A/B/C…; set prioritas 1→9 (default 1,2,3).
    2. Set mean inter-arrival (Exp) + mean service per front; tarif crew untuk waste.
    3. Set waktu operasi maks (jam) + sewa crane; jalankan.
    4. Baca wait request→service, starvation %, wait vs prio-1, waste crew.

    KPI khusus TC: util crane, antrian request, starvation, fairness prioritas, biaya crane+waste, emisi crane. Bukan model hauler.

  • Asphalt paving

    Paving train · plant + truck + paver + roller

    Level linear train — plant, truck, paver (hopper), breakdown & finish roller. Mirip Halpin Ch.11 asphalt paving.

    1. Set n truck, paver, roller, plant bay, hopper capacity, payload m³.
    2. Isi mean+dist: plant load, haul, dump, return, spread, breakdown, finish.
    3. Set spreads per breakdown section; target siklus/volume; jalankan.
    4. Baca bottleneck (plant / truck / paver / roller) dan thr vs teori.

    Produksi m³ = spread selesai. Roller mengikuti section; antrian hopper jika paver lambat.

  • Precast plant

    Form cycle · crew + crane + cure slots

    Level plant — form, crew, crane, cure slots. Prioritas strip→pour→clean→prepare. Mirip Halpin Ch.13–14 precast plant.

    1. Set n form, crew, cure slots, crane, volume elemen m³.
    2. Isi mean+dist prepare / pour / cure / strip / clean.
    3. Cure default 12 jam — turunkan untuk demo kelas.
    4. Jalankan; bandingkan util crew, form, crane, cure vs thr teori.

    Produksi dihitung saat strip selesai. Cure slots penuh = antrian wait_cure. Crane melayani pour & strip.

8. Tips & FAQ

  • Ikuti urutan sidebar: Earthmoving dulu, Tower Crane terakhir.
  • Jangan andalkan satu seed untuk kesimpulan — pakai multi-seed bila ada.
  • Gap sim vs teori besar? Cek variabilitas (CV), antrian, buffer penuh/kosong, atau prioritas starvation.
  • Earthmoving: util excavator tinggi + truck idle → tambah truck; sebaliknya util truck tinggi + excavator idle → kurangi truck atau tambah excavator.
  • Bricklaying: tukang sering wait → scaffold/mortar kosong; helper util tinggi → bottleneck supply.
  • Concreting: truck antri = buffer penuh (place lambat); place idle = buffer kosong (supply lambat).
  • Tower Crane: starvation tinggi di prio rendah = crane jenuh; turunkan laju request, perpendek service, naikkan prio, atau tambah crane.
  • Biaya & emisi satuan membantu memutuskan: thr maksimum jarang = biaya/emisi minimum.

Catatan pengembang

Operasi baru = entri di katalog operations.ts (termasuk sidebarBlurb + manual) + engine DES + panel parameter + (opsional) panel hasil khusus. Sidebar otomatis mengikuti urutan array OPERATIONS.

Kembali ke simulasi

SiklOps · Manual lengkap · 6 operasi · DES pembelajaran